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101.
Interval between reproductive events is an important factor for iteroparous animals because it determines the number of clutches
throughout life. This study examined whether female size, clutch size, shell size and prenuptial molting affected the clutch
interval in the hermit crab Pagurus nigrivittatus. Precopulatory guarding pairs of P. nigrivittatus were sampled in the field and kept in the laboratory until the female extruded eggs. The clutch interval of each female was
assessed as one of two types of relatively “short” and “long” intervals by checking whether the guarded female had eggs and/or
egg cases from the preceding brood or not when the guarding pair was collected. The clutch interval was longer in females
with prenuptial molting than those without molting and these females usually grew larger at the prenuptial molt. This suggests
that female P. nigrivittatus with a long interval might allocate energy into growth at the expense of the number of clutches during the current reproductive
season. The allocation to growth is theoretically predicted to decrease with female size. Gastropod shell size is also known
to affect the reproductive activity in hermit crabs. However, female size did not significantly affect the clutch interval
in P. nigrivittatus, and the effect of gastropod shell size on clutch interval was not consistent with previous empirical studies. These results
may be caused by differences in the gastropod species of shell occupied by the females of P. nigrivittatus. 相似文献
102.
This study aimed at clarifying the impact of deforestation and afforestation on the quality of life in a village in Sichuan Province, China. We devised a conceptual model of bioresource production and use based on quantified energy flow. The basic structure of the model has three sectors: production, use, and externals. We developed comprehensive methodology to quantify the model. Bioresource use per person in 1997 was 3.7 GJ for food, 10.2 GJ for fodder, 0.2–0.4 GJ for building material, 12.8 GJ for fuel, and 1.8 GJ for fertilizer, totaling 28.6–28.8 GJ.We used four environmental indicators to evaluate bioresource production and use: a biological productivity indicator, a use-efficiency indicator, a supply–demand balance indicator, and a self-sufficiency indicator. Use of these indicators showed that supply-demand balance of fuel was dramatically improved from 30% to 85% by afforestation, but 99% of bioresource use still depends on domestic products. Thus, it is necessary to improve biological productivity and promote the efficient use of bioresources to achieve sustainable living in the area. Massive deforestation in the 1950s caused a direct shortage of building material and fuel wood. The shortage of wood led to a stagnation in the rebuilding of houses, and fuel wood was substituted with crop residues. Because crop residues had been used for fertilizer and fodder, their use as fuel caused a shortage of fertilizer and fodder. This was an indirect impact of deforestation on peoples quality of life. 相似文献
103.
Keiko Katayama-Hirayam Naoki To Akihiko Tauchi Atsushi Fujiok Tetsuya Akitsu Hidehiro Kaneko Kimiaki Hirayama 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(6):1284-1288
We examined the degradation of dibromophenols (DBPs), i.e. 2,4-DBP, 2,6-DBP and 3,5-DBP by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and estimated the relationship between degradability and molecular orbital properties of each dibromopbenol. The removal of DBPs under a UV lamp system was successfully performed in an aqueous solution. After 5 min of irradiation, the initial DBPs concentration of 20 mg/L was decreased to below 1 mg/L, and about 60% of bromide ion was released. A decrease in the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) suggested the mineralization of DBPs, The mineralization may occur after release of bromide ions because the decrease of DOC was slower than the release of bromide ions. The degradability of 3,5-DBP was slightly lower than 2,6-DBP and 2,4-DBE Molecular orbital calculation suggested that the electrophilic frontier density and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy may be related to the degradability of DBPs. 相似文献
104.
Sarmah Purbashree Ishiguro Takeshi Maruyama Kenji Xue Tianle Yamawaki Atsushi Katsumi Takeshi Takai Atsushi Omine Kiyoshi Doi Yoichi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2183-2200
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Mechanical properties and slope stability of inert waste landfills under seismic condition were studied with three different approaches: in-situ... 相似文献
105.
Zaw Aye Cho Cho Gathuka Lincoln W. Takai Atsushi Katsumi Takeshi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(4):1423-1431
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Dredged soils are typically mixed with additives to improve their mechanical properties and reduce the risks of leaching toxic elements. An... 相似文献
106.
Product quality-based eco-efficiency applied to digital cameras 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When calculating eco-efficiency, there are considerable confusion and controversy about what the product value is and how it should be quantified. We have proposed here a quantification method for eco-efficiency that derives the ratio of the multiplication value of the product quality and the life span of a product to its whole environmental impact based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In this study, product quality was used as the product value and quantified by the following three steps: (1) normalization based on a value function, (2) determination of the subjective weighting factors of the attributes, and (3) calculation of product quality of the chosen products. The applicability of the proposed method to an actual product was evaluated using digital cameras. The results show that the eco-efficiency values of products equipped with rechargeable batteries were higher than those products that use alkaline batteries, because of higher quality values and lower environmental impacts. The sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed method was superior to the existing methods, because it enables to identify the quality level of the chosen products by considering all products that have the same functions in the market and because, when adding a new product, the calculated quality values in the proposed method do not have to be changed. 相似文献
107.
Ho Hsing-Jung Iizuka Atsushi Lee Cheng-Han Chen Wei-Sheng 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):865-884
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Climate change induced partly by emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an urgent issue worldwide, calling for advanced methods of carbon sequestration. Since... 相似文献